micrococcus luteus ph range

extended history of safe usage and 4 being a species that can cause a very serious human disease, can be isolated from biological samples (taken from skin) using culture techniques (on agar media)(2,3). The optimal pH at which this species grows. While wearing protective clothing, gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply appropriate disinfectant, starting at perimeter and working towards the centre. concentrations [10 % (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15–41 6C and a pH range of 5–12. RESERVOIR: Humans and animals (ubiquitous in the environment)(2,3). From the growth profile, M. luteus strain BAA2 attained the maximum growth at 30 h of incubation (Figure 3B). No immunological or biochemical detection techniques are currently available. When the Penassay Seed Agar was buffered to pH 6.1 and the sensitivity of the microbe to the antibiotics was tested as before no double zones of inhibition could be observed. Bacteria -> M. morrhuae K-17 grows well in a synthetic medium (SM-1) which contains a number of salts, 0.21 M KCl, 2 M NaCl, D-mannose, five vitamins and ten amino acids. SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms. Allow sufficient contact time before clean up(11). Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. They are also catalase positive and often weakly oxidase positive ( modified oxidase test positive). This effect occurs within the complete pH range where lysozyme activity is detectable. Their optimal pH is in the alkaline range, and most are very sensitive to low pH and salt. belonging to a recognized group of disease-invoking agents in humans or animals and having an Fungi, molds, and yeast prefer an acidic environment, with optimum activities at a pH of 4 to 6. Micrococcus spp. halophiles, oligotrophs, and others. Micrococcus (mi’ krō kŏk’ Əs) is a genus of bacteria in the Micrococcaceae family. M. luteus has been reported as the causative agent in cases of intracranial abscesses, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, and meningitis(2). It has also been isolated from … RISK GROUP CLASSIFICATION: Risk Group 1(10). Results indicate that M. luteus is capable of lysing cells of V. harveyi. They can even survive in conditions that have very little of even no oxygen, using glycolysis and alternative electron acceptors to create ATP. Comparative analysis of Micrococcus luteus isolates from blood cultures of patients with pulmonary hypertension receiving epoprostenol continuous infusion. 1. LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: No cases of laboratory-acquired infections have been reported to date. SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Skin (particularly in exposed regions of the body) of humans and animals, dairy products, and various environmental sources, including soil, marine and fresh water, plants, fomites, dust, and air(2,3). Actinobacteria -> Micrococcaceae -> The lowest protease activities in both organisms were at pH 11. Their maximum protease productions were at pH 7 and 9, respectively for Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus species (1.23586 U/ml/min and 1.19804 U/ml/min, respectively). They can be found in boiling hot springs; they can be found in frigid waters in the artic. The pH of the M. luteus seeded Penassay Seed Agar was measured before and after 24 hours incubation at 30d̀ C and found to be 6.6 and 8.7, respectively. Micrococcus luteus is a group of actinobacteria that is widely used in biotechnology and is being thought as an emerging nosocomial pathogen. The extended preservation capacity up to pH 6.5 makes SA superior over other commonly used preservatives such as propionates and benzoates (6). From the growth profile, M. luteus strain BAA2 attained the maximum growth at 30 h of incubation (Figure 3B). Are there any known antibiotics that this species is sensitive to? ; M. luteus was first known as Micrococcus lysodeikticus and was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. M. luteus is most common and is found in nature and in clinical specimens. According to Lieble (2002), lysozyme functions best at temperature ranges All the … They have also been isolated from blood and surgical specimens in some patients with coronary and infectious conditions(3). An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the mammalian skin. DRUG RESISTANCE: Resistance has been found in certain strains against nitrofurantoin, macrolides (erythromycin), and lincomycin(5,6). species in 2011. If the species was not widely studied, the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) was used to determine the optimal pH for storage. Bacillus cereus. Most natural environments have pH values between 5 and 9, and organisms with pH optima in this range are most common. The database ranks the pathogenicity of species on a scale of 1 to 4 - 1 being not DISPOSAL: Decontaminate, either by steam sterilization, incineration, or chemical disinfection, before disposal(11). Micrococcus -> Colony Morphology: yellow round smooth umbonate opaque dull Cellular Morphology: coccus tetrads Gram-positive. Micrococcus species are strictly aerobic Gram positive cocci arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters, and cells range from 0.5 to 3 µm in diameter. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Gram-positive bacteria are generally susceptible to a number of disinfectants, including phenolic compounds, hypochlorites (1% sodium hypochlorite), alcohols (70% ethanol), formaldehyde (18.5 g/L; 5% formalin in water), glutaraldehyde, iodines (0.075 g/L)(7). MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Transmission is possible through contact with contaminated objects and/or surfaces (demonstrated by bacterial transfer associated with paper-towel dispensing)(4). Micrococcus occurs in a wide range of environments, including water, dust, and soil. Sccharomyces cerevisiae . Actinobacteria -> They do not survive well and die quickly in natural soil. Micrococci have Gram-positive spherical cells ranging from about 0.5 to 3 micrometers in diameter and typically appear in tetrads. Lytic activity was also found to be active at a pH range of 6-8. enzyme is active over a broad pH range (6.0–9.0). It showed highest (99.7 %) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micrococcus yunnanensis YIM 65004T followed by Micrococcus luteus NCTC 2665T (99.6 %) and Micrococcus endophyticus YIM Staphylococcus spp. Micrococcus luteus. At pH 6.6 maximal activity of lysozyme is observed over a wider range of ionic strengths (0.02–0.100 M) than at pH 9.2 (0.01–0.06 M) (Dave, 2010). PATHOGENICITY/TOXICITY: Micrococcus spp. The pKa of SA is 4.76 and the working pH range is from 3 to 6.5. No = 0, Yes = 1, Is the species biofilm-forming? HOST RANGE: Humans(2,3), mammals, and some marine animals (including some fish, sharks, crustacean shellfish, shrimps, and prawns)(3). It is urease and catalase positive. Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Pathogen Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. This risk group applies to the genus as a whole, and may not apply to every species within the genus. PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Bacteria are generally sensitive to moist heat and dry heat(8) . PREPARED BY: Pathogen Regulation Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada. are gram-positive, oxidase-positive, and strictly aerobic cocci belonging to the family Micrococcaceae(2,3). Efficacy of the disinfectants was tested against those isolates using agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test by broth dilution method using different dilutions of the disinfectants. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain LW4(T) contained amino acid residues of lysine, glutamic acid, alanine, glycine and aspartic acid. © 2021 The Microbe Directory. The pH of the seeded M. luteus test medium changed from pH 6.6 before incubation to 8.7 after 24 hours incubation at 30 degrees C. When the same 33 kidneys were tested by the B. subtilis BGA method, medium pH 6, and 15 of them also by the M. luteus method using a medium buffered to pH 6, all were negative. for which no prophylaxis is known. 0000002602 00000 n Description: Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) is a Gram-positive to Gram-variable, non-motile, coccus, saprotrophic bacterium. The change in pH was observed at every 3 h interval during the growth of M. luteus strain BAA2 (Figure 3A). FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Appropriate antibiotic therapy should be administered as required, treatment should be supportive. Microbial ecology of people Skin #3 Most relate to 4 phyla: Actinobacteria: Gram-positive bacteria e.g. Further this activity is exhibited in a wide range of salinity from 0-30 ppt with optimum lytic activity observed at around 20 ppt. COGEM released a comprehensive database of pathogenicity assessment of around 2575 bacterial PRIMARY HAZARDS: Likelihood of infection is low; however, avoid accidental parenteral inoculation, ingestion, and inhalation of infectious droplets. were determined, the average was taken. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. No = 0, Yes = 1. In humans, they are most frequently found on the exposed skin of face, arms, hands, and legs. NAME: Micrococcus spp. EPIDEMIOLOGY: Micrococcus spp. Canada. STORAGE: The infectious agent should be stored in sealed containers that are appropriately labelled(11). Keywords: Ampicillin, Lonar lake, M. luteus, Penicillin acylase, Staphylococcus. CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Containment Level 1 facilities, equipment, and operational practices for work involving infectious or potentially infectious materials. pH before sterilisation: 7.8 Usage: Maintenance and taxonomy (e.g. Users are responsible for ensuring they are compliant with all relevant acts, regulations, guidelines, and standards. SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: M. luteus, M. lylae, M. antarcticus, and more recently M. endophyticus, M. flavus, M. terreus, and M. yunnanensis. If two far ranges of temperatures Colony Morphology: irregular lobate flat opaque dull. and closely related genera are generally regarded as harmless saprophytes that inhabit or contaminate the skin, mucosa, and perhaps also the oropharynx; however, they can be opportunistic pathogens for the immunocompromised(2,3). Transmission usually occurs through contaminated surfaces and/or objects. Extracellular proteinases are produced by several species of ‘micrococci’, although their activity is optimal in an alkaline pH range, being almost negligible at pH values below 5.5. It can grow at 45°C and in 10% Sodium Chloride. neutral to slightly alkaline pH and within 60 to 80oC. SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: M. luteus, M. lylae, M. antarcticus, and more recently M. endophyticus, M. flavus, M. terreus, and M. yunnanensis. They are seldom motile and are non-sporing. The carriage rates were highest on the skin of the head, legs, and arms compared to those for nares and axillae. They were showed best enzymatic spectrum and optimum enzyme activity in pH range of 8-9 and temperature of 500C600C. The activity of lysozyme is a function of both pH and ionic strength. Habitat: Found on the skin of humans and other mammals. A Gram-positive bacterial strain, designated YIM 56238 (T), was isolated from plant roots (Aquilaria sinensis), and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The kinetics of lysis of Micrococcus luteus by hen egg-white lysozyme in dilute buffer media is characterized by pronounced substrate inhibition.

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