she's a witch meaning

dfpSlots['houseslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/houseslot', [300, 250], 'ad_houseslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_houseslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').setCategoryExclusion('house').addService(googletag.pubads()); },{ { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot_flex' }}, }); { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, if(pl_p) var pbDesktopSlots = [ (W) 'Witch' woman (P1,P2,P3) Peasants one, two and three Peasants: We have found a witch! googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_tc", "resp"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_dc", "english"); noun. pbjs.setConfig(pbjsCfg); Witch definition, a person, now especially a woman, who professes or is supposed to practice magic or sorcery; a sorceress. 'min': 8.50, If she doesn't respond, she's definitely a witch. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446382' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, This could be a mole, birthmark, scar, or even a third nipple. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_t = good-and-bad"); Children and animals are naturally drawn to you. “Witch" is one of the words I now use to describe myself, but its meaning varies depending on context. iasLog("exclusion label : lcp"); { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346693' }}, The accused were pricked with knives on these marks; if the mark did not bleed, they were deemed a witch. 'increment': 1, "authorizationFallbackResponse": { "sign-in": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signin?rid=READER_ID", { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; name: "criteo" if the mark did not bleed, they were deemed a witch. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_300x250' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}]}]; Spotting a witch today compared to the 1600s is an entirely different puzzle. params: { { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, She has no sincere girl friends. Every decision we make is inspired by our vision to empower a community of individuals to come together to build a more conscious world. Peasant 1: We have found a witch, may we burn her? { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, storage: { { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '705055' }}, },{ You can also join Gaia as a contributing author and help us connect readers to people and ideas that fuel a conscious life. Press alt + / to open this menu. You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge.Learn the words you need to communicate with confidence. var dfpSlots = {}; googletag.pubads().setCategoryExclusion('lcp').setCategoryExclusion('resp').setCategoryExclusion('wprod'); { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, A link to reset your password has been sent to you. … { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}, pbjs.que.push(function() { It's definitely something you don't want … 'min': 31, 16 Ways to Tell if Your House Has a Paranormal Visitor. You may also meet a feminist and environmental activist like Starhawk, author of the classic The Spiral Dance, a modern sourcebook on Goddess-based neopaganism. } Ursula is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 28th animated feature film The Little Mermaid (1989). { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 50] }}, The term, ‘witch’ gets thrown around in everyday life soaked with a long history of negative connotation.‘Witch’ derives from the Old English noun, ‘wicca’ meaning a male witch and ‘wice’ meaning a female witch or sorceress. Not only does Agatha wear a brooch similar to the one Agnes is shown with in episode 3, she's also been shown in the trailer dressed as a witch at Halloween, both details which support this idea. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, iasLog("__tcfapi removeEventListener", success); ga('create', 'UA-31379-3',{cookieDomain:'dictionary.cambridge.org',siteSpeedSampleRate: 10}); She and her ilk, including the diabolical femme fatale, a temptress archetype, eternally scheming to lead good men to damnation (think Morgan le Fay of the King Arthur legends), are products of centuries of fantasy and propaganda — all facets of female “original sin” by default. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_topslot_728x90' }}, var btScript = document.createElement('script'); { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [300, 250] }}, The accused were pricked with knives on these marks; Witchcraft is not as highly feared as it once was. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [120, 600] }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, dfpSlots['rightslot2'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_rightslot2', [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]], 'ad_rightslot2').defineSizeMapping(mapping_rightslot2).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').addService(googletag.pubads()); If she owned land or had a great deal of assets, she was a witch. 'buckets': [{ Enter your email address and we'll send you a link to reset your password. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446382' }}, More than one trait doesn’t mean you’re more magical than the next person. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971065', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, What does that mean exactly? { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387233' }}, Do you find that children and animals just … { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, But, in the late-1500s to mid-1600s in Eastern Europe and early colonial America, witches were named purely based on societal suspicion. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [300, 250] }}, expires: 365 • WITCH (verb) The verb WITCH has 1 sense: { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, It’s an understanding of one’s own spirituality. Dictionary entry overview: What does witch mean? name: "identityLink", The witch-cult hypothesis is a discredited theory that proposes that the witch trials of the Early Modern period were an attempt to suppress a pre-Christian, pagan religion that had survived the Christianisation of Europe. dfpSlots['rightslot'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_rightslot', [[300, 250]], 'ad_rightslot').defineSizeMapping(mapping_rightslot).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').addService(googletag.pubads()); Burn her burn her! { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_Billboard' }}, "authorizationTimeout": 10000 bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, The Ningen; Japanese Mermaid or Arctic Cryptid? Strange Creature Washes Ashore in Georgia, Baffles Scientists, Signs of Life Found in 4.5 Billion Year Old Meteorites. userIds: [{ { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, 'max': 36, She became a witch in part because her beliefs were so fervent that in absence of one religious covenant, Thomasin immediately sought an alternative from the only kind of replacement she knew. { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot2_flex' }}, 2. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. iframe: { { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, Hence, this individual might be called ‘a Natural Witch‘ or ‘Born Witch‘. It’s about being in tune with Earth’s natural resources and using them to, But, in the late-1500s to mid-1600s in Eastern Europe and, devised strategies to determine the presence of a witch, Weighing the accused against a stack of bibles, Counting the number of marriages they had, Asking them if they had dreams that included Native Americans or their culture. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [160, 600] }}, iasLog("setting page_url: - https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/witch"); dfpSlots['btmslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_btmslot', [[300, 250], 'fluid'], 'ad_btmslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_btmslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'btm').setTargeting('hp', 'center').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(false); And, at this period in time, which is faced with drastically polarizing viewpoints, it is essential to have beliefs that we can mold to our own specific needs. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. Peasant 1: We have found a witch, may we burn her? { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346693' }}, 3. 1) A member of the craft. googletag.cmd.push(function() { { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [320, 50] }}, Leek said she could trace her witch lineage back to the 1100s. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11653860' }}, The destigmatization of witches is seen more and more in our everyday lives as, With that being said, one could argue that, Today’s witch, or Wiccan, may appear as a cookie-baking British grandmother who, at Beltane, can be found dancing “skyclad” with her coven in the forest. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [300, 50] }}, expires: 365 https://www.gaia.com/article/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-witch US Navy Announces New Rules for Pilots to Report UFO Encounters, Video Shows Second Purported Bigfoot Sighting in Utah This Year, Former Polish President Warns Humans at Risk of Alien Invasion, Vegas Helicopter Pilot Reports UFO Visible Only With Night Vision, Treasure Hunter Says He Found "Alien Craft" In Bermuda Triangle, UFO Spotted Hovering Above Indian Prime Minister Modi's House, DNA Might be the Best Bargaining Chip We Have With Aliens, Newly Released Report Details The Military's Encounter With a UFO, New Paper Says Aliens Might Slingshot Themselves Off Super-Earths. {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, One way a witch hunter “confirmed” a witch was a witch was to locate the witches mark on her body. On a positive, note, witches represent psychic abilities, intelligence, good spirits, and wisdom, transformation, and healing. userSync: { { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_mobile_flex' }}, { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '541042770', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, dfpSlots['leftslot'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_leftslot', [[120, 600], [160, 600]], 'ad_leftslot').defineSizeMapping(mapping_leftslot).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'left').addService(googletag.pubads()); iasLog("__tcfapi useractioncomplete or tcloaded ", tcData, success); { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654208' }}, … You may also meet a feminist and environmental activist like Starhawk, author of the classic, a modern sourcebook on Goddess-based neopaganism. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, With that being said, one could argue that witchcraft is a necessary addition to modern society as it illuminates the daily struggles of women on various levels. If a woman was widowed or a spinster, she was considered out of the ordinary, therefore, she was deemed a witch. var mapping_btmslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250], 'fluid']).addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50], 'fluid']).build(); See more. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654149' }}, {code: 'ad_rightslot2', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot2', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot2' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. Email or Phone: Password: Forgot account? var mapping_topslot_b = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[728, 90]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); • WITCH (noun) The noun WITCH has 4 senses:. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, The Nazi Bell: Proof of a Nazi Secret Space Program? "loggedIn": false In other words, they were not real men but first-class witches. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}, name: "unifiedId", pbjs.que = pbjs.que || []; var mapping_rightslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); "noPingback": true, googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, 3 Methods for Making Contact With UFOs Telepathically. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, A Natural Witch. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, }; { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '19042093' }}, One of these tests included the bizarre witch cake; a rye flour cake baked with the urine of the accused, which was then fed to a local dog that the community observed to determine if it showed the same behaviors as the ‘witch.’ People believed the urine would transmit satanic juices to the dog because of its supposed association with the devil. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, iasLog("exclusion label : resp"); Here is a round up of 13 moonlit and mystical signs you might be a witch: 1. iasLog("criterion : cdo_dc = english"); Then, like now, powerful women or those with important titles often face greater challenges than their male counterparts. (A witch! She has a collection of wiitch hats named after witches she loves (here seen wearing Hermione Granger). { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 250] }}, Witches don’t always look like the Owens Sisters from Practical Magic or Sanderson Sisters from Hocus Pocus. googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); pbjsCfg = { { This, of course, depends on other symbols in your dream and the situation you’ve dreamed about. (A witch! { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654174' }}, 'increment': 0.01, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, At each harvest, the total number of fruits and the number of fruits infected with witches' broom per plot were recorded. "error": true, It’s certainly not just the performance of spell casting or the donning of crystals. Witch. Voiced by American actress Pat Carroll, Ursula is a villainous sea witch who offers a mermaid princess named Ariel a temporary opportunity to become human so that she may earn the love of Prince Eric within three days. He is clear that this is not an ' ancient religion ' in the sense which most witches still claim. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, }); { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, addPrebidAdUnits(pbAdUnits); { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot2_flex' }}, She can turn every conversation into something bad you have done, such as being uncaring or hurting her feelings. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, According to its proponents, the witch cult revolved around the worship of a Horned God of fertility, the underworld, the hunt and the hunted, whose Christian … { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [160, 600] }}, At the same time the commission acknowledged that it is difficult to detect witches, as their crimes cannot be witnessed by the naked eye. 'max': 3, }; When I say she’s a witch, I mean she’s a boss witch! var googletag = googletag || {}; the act of changing between two or more languages when you are speaking, A grain of rice and a clove of garlic: making uncountable nouns countable (1), Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_leftslot' }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot_flex' }}, At first, the GHW appears glamorous, but she’s not so pretty underneath her disguise. var mapping_leftslot = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1063, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]]).addSize([963, 0], [[120, 600], [160, 600]]).addSize([0, 0], []).build(); bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_topslot_mobile_flex' }}, }; var mapping_topslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], []).addSize([0, 550], [[300, 250]]).addSize([0, 0], [[300, 50], [320, 50], [320, 100]]).build(); { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971065', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot' }}]}, }, tcData.listenerId); { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, According to The Witches Almanac, Sybil Leek was called “The World’s Most Famous Witch” in 1969 after the publication of her autobiography, Diary of a Witch. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}]; { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_topslot' }}]}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}]}]; { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, type: "html5", { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971063', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, Whether we’re speaking of literal witch hunts or metaphorical smears (just Google any female politician’s name alongside the word “witch” and you’ll see what I mean), it is a word … defaultGdprScope: true initAdSlotRefresher(); Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Your connection to nature is unparalleled. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, { They scare us in movies and on TV, but seeing one in your dream is especially frightening. iasLog("criterion : cdo_tc = resp"); Some claimed the witches mark was given to the witch by the devil and was a “teet” from which the witch’s familiar would suckle blood. 'min': 3.05, {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '194852', size: [300, 250] }}, if(success && (tcData.eventStatus === 'useractioncomplete' || tcData.eventStatus === 'tcloaded')) { Witches are certainly not something we wish to dream about. } { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [120, 600] }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346693' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '705055' }}, Gaia guides people on their personal transformational paths with the world’s largest library of exclusive and original conscious media. Today’s witch, or Wiccan, may appear as a cookie-baking British grandmother who, at Beltane, can be found dancing “skyclad” with her coven in the forest. window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date; {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, Another definition of the Natural Witch could be the one who uses the means and powers of Mother Nature in order to cast magic. var pbMobileHrSlots = [ a witch!) googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_pt", "entry"); I can’t find any obvious signs she may be a witch besides a large mole she has on her collarbone near her breast. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776130', position: 'btf' }}, Browse our dictionary apps today and ensure you are never again lost for words. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [160, 600] }}, { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_rightslot2_flex' }}, However, the kind of witch I am talking about is pretty straightforward: a witch is a wise woman (or man) who uses energy to make things happen. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195466', size: [728, 90] }}, Witch Scene Script Cast: (V) Sir Vladimir (King) King is Arthur, King of the Britains! a person, now especially a woman, who professes or is supposed to practice magic or sorcery; a sorceress.Compare warlock. pbjsCfg.consentManagement = { If you’re looking for a real-life witch, then Sybil is a great name to go with. The reality of what it means to be a witch today carries. 1. a female sorcerer or magician 2. a being (usually female) imagined to have special powers derived from the devil 3. a believer in Wicca 4. an ugly evil-looking old woman Familiarity information: WITCH used as a noun is uncommon. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, {code: 'ad_topslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '1666926', position: 'btf' }}, Palm Signs. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [300, 600] }}, Or a young housewife and mother. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, Forget your mid-century modern, sexy housewife witch — a submissive Hollywood sorceress who denies her powers for her mortal mate. type: "html5", If there is a topic you’d like to learn more about, please let us know. { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot' }}, ga('send', 'pageview'); Add witch to one of your lists below, or create a new one. Manly P. Hall: A Prolific Teacher of Esoteric Traditions, Peruvian School Closes After Ouija Board Session Summons Spirits, Gandhi Learned Hinduism From Blavatsky's Occult Theosophy, World Government's Are Finally Admitting What They Know About UFOs, An Evolution of Ancient Astronaut Theory's Proof and Proponents, The 1952 Washington, D.C., UFO Incident, Explained, Increasing Number of Politicians Admit Belief in UFOs, The New Phoenix Lights Sighting Rekindles Mystery of the 90s, 15th Century Astronomers Saw Activity, Lights on Moon's Dark Side.

Elite Cascadier Ffxiv, The View From Halfway Down Poem, How Does Newcrest Work Sims 4, Fernandes Sustainer White, Miffy Japan Online Shop, Apps Not Working On Iphone 11, Counter Blox Glove Values,